Dotted grouper (Epinephelus epistictus)
Image source: Jo's Animal Database
General data
- Main name: Dotted grouper
- Local names: Spottedback grouper, Black-spotted grouper
- Climates: Tropical, Subtropical
- Habitat: Saltwater
- Native: Africa, Asia, Australia & Oceania
- Distribution: Pacific Ocean, Red sea, Indian ocean, South China Sea, Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf
Classification
- Genus: Epinephelus - Cloudy groupers
- Family: Epinephelidae - Groupers
- Order: Perciformes - Perches
- Class: Actinopteri - Ray-finned fishes
- Superclass: Osteichthyes - Bony fishes
Description
The dotted grouper has a body which has a standard length which is around three times its depth. The dorsal profile of the head is a little convex as is the area between the eyes. The preopercle is serrated and projects at its angle where the serrations are enlarged.
The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 14-15 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 soft rays. The membranes between the dorsal fin spines has deep indentations and the caudal fin is moderately rounded.
There are 57-70 scales in the lateral line.
This grouper has a pale brown to greenish-grey body marked with irregular lines of small dark spots on the flanks and upper body. In some individuals there is a wide dark band running from the eye to the gill cover and two thinner bands running obliquely over the cheek.
This species has a maximum total length of 80 centimetres (31 in), although around 70 centimetres (28 in) is more common, and a maximum weight of 7 kilograms (15.4 lb).
The dotted grouper is found in the Indo-Pacific region. It has a discontinuous distribution which extends from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, the coast of East Africa off Eritrea, Kenya, Zanzibar and off southern Mozanmbique and KwaZulu-Natal as well as northwestern Madagascar.
In Asia it is found in the Persian Gulf, off India, Indonesia, the South China Sea and southern Japan. In the Pacific it occurs off Papua New Guinea and Australia, although it is rarely sighted in the Philippines, with the only well documented thriving population in the country found in Cebu. It has been recorded in Malaysia.