Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio)

General data

Main name: Prussian carp
Local names: Silver prussian carp, Gibel carp
Climates: Subtropical, Temperate, Continental
Habitat: Freshwater
Native: Asia
Introduced: Europe, North America, South America, Australia & Oceania
Distribution: Danube, Ebro, Caspian Sea, Volga, Ural, Bojana, View all... Struma (Strymonas), Lake Ohrid, Vardar (Axios), Pineios (Thessaly), Lake Skadar, Po River, Nestos, Maritsa (Evros), Lake Vrana, Don, Rhine, Meuse (Maas), Scheldt, Ems, Dnieper, Amur, Lake Balkhash, Charente, Lake Baikal, Yangtze, Amu Darya, Red River (Hong river), Oder, Arno, Tiber, Issyk-Kul lake, Vjosa, Loire, Murray River, River Thames, River Wye, Daugava (Western Dvina), Seine, Klamath River, Garonne, Adige, Guadiana, Northern Dvina, Neman (Nemunas), Guadalquivir, Kamchiya, Veleka, Chorokh, Burnett, Lielupe, Gauja, Trent, Great Ouse, Besos, Weser

Classification

Description

he Prussian carp, silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp (Carassius gibelio), is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish, such as the common carp, goldfish, and the smaller minnows. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and does not exceed a weight of 3 kilograms (6.6 lb) and a length of 45 centimetres (18 in). They are usually silver, although other color variations exist. They are omnivorous and feed on plankton, invertebrates, plant material and detritus. Originally from Siberia, they have been introduced to and are now inhabiting lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers throughout Europe, North America, and Asia. Prussian carps are highly invasive fish species in areas outside its native range. They reproduce and spread rapidly. In 2020, scientists demonstrated that a small proportion of fertilized Prussian carp eggs ingested by waterfowl survive passing through the digestive tract and hatch after being retrieved from the feces. Birds exhibit strong preference for fish eggs, while cyprinids produce hundreds of thousands of eggs at a single spawning event. These data indicate that despite the low proportion of eggs surviving the digestive tract of birds, endozoochory might provide a potentially overlooked dispersal mechanism of Prussian carps. If proven under natural circumstances, endozoochorous dispersal of invasive fish could be a strong conservation concern for freshwater biodiversity. Description The Prussian carp is a deep-bodied, robust fish which resembles the crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and grows to about 10 to 35 cm (4 to 14 in) in length. Its scales are larger than those of the crucian carp, and it typically has 27 to 32 scales along the lateral line, whereas the crucian carp usually has between 31 and 35. The species is silvery, sometimes with a faint golden tinge, while the crucian carp has a burnished gold appearance. The Prussian carp tail is more deeply forked than that of the crucian carp.

Catches

Taxonomy of Fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
- Coelacanthi - Lobe-finned fishes->
- Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes->
  - Perciformes - Perches->
  - Cypriniformes - Carps->
    
    Cyprinidae - Carps->
    
    Cyprinus - Carps->
    
    Carassius - Crucian carps->
    
    Crucian carp (Carassius carassius)
    
    Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio)
    
    Japanese white crucian carp (Carassius cuvieri)
    
    Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
    
    Carassius langsdorfii (Carassius langsdorfii)
    
    Carassius praecipuus (Carassius praecipuus)
    
    Barbus - Barbel->
    
    Aulopyge - Barbel-gudgeons->
    
    Tor - Mahseer->
    
    Luciobarbus - Pike-like barbel->
    
    Catlocarpio - Siamese carps->
    
    Schizothorax - Marinkas (Snowtrouts)->
    
    Diptychus - Osman->
    
    Probarbus - Probarbus->
    
    Labeobarbus - African yellowfishes->
    
    Gymnocypris - Gymnocypris->
    
    Capoeta - Scrapers->
    
    Labeo - Labeo->
    
    Barbonymus - Tinfoil barbs->
    
    Opsarius - Opsarius->
    
    Neolissochilus - Asian smoothlip carps->
    
    Spinibarbus - Spinibarbus->
    
    Aaptosyax - Aaptosyax->
    
    Acapoeta - Acapoeta->
    
    Acrossocheilus - Acrossocheilus->
    
    Albulichthys - Albulichthys->
    
    Anematichthys - Anematichthys->
    
    Chuanchia - Chuanchia->
    
    Amatolacypris - Amatolacypris->
    
    Amblyrhynchichthys - Amblyrhynchichthys->
    
    Anchicyclocheilus - Anchicyclocheilus->
    
    Arabibarbus - Arabibarbus->
    
    Aspiorhynchus - Aspiorhynchus->
    
    Balantiocheilos - Balantiocheilos->
    
    Bangana - Bangana->
    
    Barbichthys - Barbichthys->
    
    Barbodes - Barbodes->
    
    Barboides - Barboides->
    
    Barbopsis - Barbopsis->
    
    Caecobarbus - Caecobarbus->
    
    Caecocypris - Caecocypris->
    
    Carasobarbus - Carasobarbus->
    
    Carassioides - Carassioides->
    
    Ceratogarra - Ceratogarra->
    
    Chagunius - Chagunius->
    
    Cheilobarbus - Cheilobarbus->
    
    Cirrhinus - Cirrhinus->
    
    Discherodontus - Discherodontus->
    
    Discocheilus - Discocheilus->
    
    Discogobio - Discogobio->
    
    Gibelion - Gibelion->
    
    Clypeobarbus - Clypeobarbus->
    
    Cophecheilus - Cophecheilus->
    
    Coptostomabarbus - Coptostomabarbus->
    
    Cosmochilus - Cosmochilus->
    
    Crossocheilus - Crossocheilus->
    
    Cyclocheilichthys - Cyclocheilichthys->
    
    Cyprinion - Cyprinion->
    
    Dawkinsia - Dawkinsia->
    
    Decorus - Decorus->
    
    Desmopuntius - Desmopuntius->
    
    Diplocheilichthys - Diplocheilichthys->
    
    Discolabeo - Discolabeo->
    
    Eechathalakenda - Eechathalakenda->
    
    Eirmotus - Eirmotus->
    
    Enteromius - Enteromius->
    
    Epalzeorhynchos - Epalzeorhynchos->
    
    Fivepearlus - Fivepearlus->
    
    Folifer - Folifer->
    
    Garra - Garra->
    
    Garroides - Garroides->
    
    Gymnodiptychus - Gymnodiptychus->
    
    Gymnostomus - Gymnostomus->
    
    Haludaria - Haludaria->
    
    Hampala - Hampala->
    
    Henicorhynchus - Henicorhynchus->
    
    Mesopotamichthys - Mesopotamichthys->
    
    Herzensteinia - Herzensteinia->
    
    Hongshuia - Hongshuia->
    
    Horalabiosa - Horalabiosa->
    
    Hypselobarbus - Hypselobarbus->
    
    Hypsibarbus - Hypsibarbus->
    
    Kalimantania - Kalimantania->
    
    Labiobarbus - Labiobarbus->
    
    Lanlabeo - Lanlabeo->
    
    Laocypris - Laocypris->
    
    Lepidopygopsis - Lepidopygopsis->
    
    Linichthys - Linichthys->
    
    Lobocheilos - Lobocheilos->
    
    Longanalus - Longanalus->
    
    Luciocyprinus - Luciocyprinus->
    
    Mekongina - Mekongina->
    
    Oxygymnocypris - Oxygymnocypris->
    
    Mystacoleucus - Mystacoleucus->
    
    Namaquacypris - Namaquacypris->
    
    Naziritor - Naziritor->
    
    Neobarynotus - Neobarynotus->
    
    Oliotius - Oliotius->
    
    Onychostoma - Onychostoma->
    
    Oreichthys - Oreichthys->
    
    Osteobrama - Osteobrama->
    
    Osteochilichthys - Osteochilichthys->
    
    Osteochilus - Osteochilus->
    
    Paracrossochilus - Paracrossochilus->
    
    Parapsilorhynchus - Parapsilorhynchus->
    
    Paraqianlabeo - Paraqianlabeo->
    
    Parasikukia - Parasikukia->
    
    Parasinilabeo - Parasinilabeo->
    
    Paraspinibarbus - Paraspinibarbus->
    
    Parator - Parator->
    
    Percocypris - Percocypris->
    
    Pethia - Pethia->
    
    Phreatichthys - Phreatichthys->
    
    Pterocapoeta - Pterocapoeta->
    
    Placocheilus - Placocheilus->
    
    Platypharodon - Platypharodon->
    
    Poropuntius - Poropuntius->
    
    Procypris - Procypris->
    
    Prolabeo - Prolabeo->
    
    Prolabeops - Prolabeops->
    
    Prolixicheilus - Prolixicheilus->
    
    Protolabeo - Protolabeo->
    
    Pseudobarbus - Pseudobarbus->
    
    Pseudocrossocheilus - Pseudocrossocheilus->
    
    Pseudogyrinocheilus - Pseudogyrinocheilus->
    
    Pseudosinocyclocheilus - Pseudosinocyclocheilus->
    
    Ptychidio - Ptychidio->
    
    Ptychobarbus - Ptychobarbus->
    
    Puntigrus - Puntigrus->
    
    Puntioplites - Puntioplites->
    
    Puntius - Puntius->
    
    Qianlabeo - Qianlabeo->
    
    Racoma - Racoma->
    
    Rectoris - Rectoris->
    
    Rohtee - Rohtee->
    
    Rohteichthys - Rohteichthys->
    
    Sanagia - Sanagia->
    
    Sawbwa - Sawbwa->
    
    Scaphiodonichthys - Scaphiodonichthys->
    
    Scaphognathops - Scaphognathops->
    
    Schismatorhynchos - Schismatorhynchos->
    
    Schizocypris - Schizocypris->
    
    Schizopyge - Schizopyge->
    
    Schizopygopsis - Schizopygopsis->
    
    Sedercypris - Sedercypris->
    
    Semilabeo - Semilabeo->
    
    Semiplotus - Semiplotus->
    
    Sikukia - Sikukia->
    
    Sinigarra - Sinigarra->
    
    Sinilabeo - Sinilabeo->
    
    Sinocrossocheilus - Sinocrossocheilus->
    
    Sinocyclocheilus - Sinocyclocheilus->
    
    Speolabeo - Speolabeo->
    
    Stenorynchoacrum - Stenorynchoacrum->
    
    Striuntius - Striuntius->
    
    Systomus - Systomus->
    
    Tariqilabeo - Tariqilabeo->
    
    Thynnichthys - Thynnichthys->
    
    Troglocyclocheilus - Troglocyclocheilus->
    
    Typhlobarbus - Typhlobarbus->
    
    Vinagarra - Vinagarra->
    
    Xenobarbus - Xenobarbus->
    
    Gobionidae - Gudgeons->
    
    Tincidae - Tench->
    
    Cobitidae - True loaches->
    
    Acheilognathidae - Bitterling-like cyprinids->
    
    Leuciscidae - Chub family->
    
    Nemacheilidae - Stone loaches->
    
    Xenocyprididae - East Asian minnows->
    
    Catostomidae - Suckers->
    
    Leptobarbidae - Cigar barbs->
    
    Balitoridae - River loaches->
    
    Barbuccidae - Fire-eyed loaches->
    
    Botiidae - Pointface loaches->
    
    Danionidae - Danios->
    
    Ellopostomatidae - Square-head loaches->
    
    Gastromyzontidae - Hillstream loaches->
    
    Gyrinocheilidae - Algae eaters->
    
    Paedocyprididae - Tiny carps->
    
    Psilorhynchidae - Mountain carps->
    
    Serpenticobitidae - Snake loaches->
    
    Sundadanionidae - Tiny danios->
    
    Tanichthyidae - Mountain minnows->
    
    Vaillantellidae - Longfin loaches->
  - Esociformes - Pikes->
  - Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
  - Siluriformes - Catfishes->
  - Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
  - Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
  - Gadiformes - Cods->
  - Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
  - Clupeiformes - Herrings->
  - Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
  - Gobiiformes - Gobies->
  - Mugiliformes - Mullets->
  - Carangiformes - Jacks->
  - Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
  - Labriformes - Wrasses->
  - Scombriformes - Mackerels->
  - Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
  - Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
  - Aulopiformes - Grinners->
  - Blenniiformes - Blennies->
  - Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
  - Osmeriformes - Smelts->
  - Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
  - Cichliformes - Cichlids->
  - Characiformes - Characins->
  - Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
  - Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
  - Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
  - Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
  - Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
  - Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
  - Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
  - Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
  - Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
  - Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
  - Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
  - Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
  - Zeiformes - Dories->
  - Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
  - Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
  - Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
  - Lampriformes - Lamprids->
  - Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
  - Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
  - Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
  - Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
  - Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
  - Atheriniformes - Silversides->
  - Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
  - Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
  - Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
  - Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
  - Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
  - Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
  - Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
  - Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
  - Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
  - Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
  - Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
  - Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
  - Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
  - Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
  - Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
  - Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
  - Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
- Cladistii - Bichirs->
- Dipneusti - Lungfishes->
- Chondrostei - Sturgeons->
- Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
Agnatha - Jawless fishes->