Largescaled terapon (Terapon theraps)

General data

Main name: Largescaled terapon
Local names: Banded trumpeter, Flagtail grunter, Flagtail trumpeter, Large-scaled grunter-perch, Northern grunter, Spiky trumpeter, Largescaled therapon, Largescale tigerfish, Largescale grunter
Climates: Tropical, Subtropical
Habitat: Saltwater
Native: Africa, Asia, Australia & Oceania
Distribution: Red sea, South China Sea, Pacific Ocean, Indian ocean

Classification

Genus: Terapon - Terapon
Family: Terapontidae - Grunters or Tigerperches
Order: Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes
Class: Actinopteri - Ray-finned fishes
Superclass: Osteichthyes - Bony fishes

Description

Terapon theraps is a medium sized species of grunter which has an oblong body which shows moderate lateral compression. The jaws are of equal length and the mouth is slightly oblique, gape slightly oblique. In juveniles the maxilla is set level with the front of the eyes, it does not reach the eye in adults. The teeth are conical in shape and are arranged in villiform bands with the outermost row greatly enlarged. There are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. The dorsal fin has 11 o 12 spines and 9 to 11 soft rays, the spiny part is notably arched and has a deep notch. The third to the sixth dorsal fin spines are the longest and the notch is created by the second last spine being around half the length of the last spine. The anal fin has three spines and 7-9 soft rays, the longest spine being the third and this is longer than the longest ray, The caudal fin has a shallow fork and rounded lobes. The lateral line contains 46-56 pored scales. This species is mainly dusky-green in colour with has a green iridescence which fades to silver-white on the belly. There are four broad dark, horizontal stripes along the flanks, a big black spot on the dorsal fin and dusky stripes on the tail. The juveniles are brown in colour and their stripes are darker and have white spots which run in lines in the paler areas between the dark stripes and they have a striped tail. This species attains a maximum total length of 30 centimetres (12 in). Terapon theraps is a widespread species in the Indo-Pacific region being found from the southern Red Sea and along the eastern coast of Africa as far south as Madagascar and eastwards along the southern Asian coasts, including the Seychelles, and into the Pacific Ocean where it reaches as far north as southern Japan and south to Australia and east to New Caledonia. It has been recorded twice in the Mediterranean Sea in 2007 and 2008., likely transported via ballast water.

Taxonomy of Fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
- Actinistia - Lobe-finned fishes->
- Actinopteri - Ray-finned fishes->
  - Perciformes - Perches->
  - Cypriniformes - Carps->
  - Esociformes - Pikes->
  - Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
  - Siluriformes - Catfishes->
  - Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
  - Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
  - Gadiformes - Cods->
  - Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
  - Clupeiformes - Herrings->
  - Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
  - Gobiiformes - Gobies->
  - Mugiliformes - Mullets->
  - Carangiformes - Jacks->
  - Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
  - Labriformes - Wrasses->
  - Scombriformes - Mackerels->
  - Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
  - Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
  - Aulopiformes - Grinners->
  - Blenniiformes - Blennies->
  - Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
  - Osmeriformes - Smelts->
  - Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
    
    Centrarchidae - Sunfishes->
    
    Sinipercidae - Chinese perches->
    
    Percalatidae - Australian basses->
    
    Percichthyidae - Temperate perches->
    
    Terapontidae - Grunters or Tigerperches->
    
    Bidyanus - Bidyanus->
    
    Hephaestus - Hephaestus->
    
    Leiopotherapon - Grunters->
    
    Amniataba - Amniataba->
    
    Hannia - Hannia->
    
    Helotes - Helotes->
    
    Mesopristes - Mesopristes->
    
    Lagusia - Lagusia->
    
    Pelates - Pelates->
    
    Pelsartia - Pelsartia->
    
    Pingalla - Pingalla->
    
    Rhynchopelates - Rhynchopelates->
    
    Scortum - Scortum->
    
    Syncomistes - Syncomistes->
    
    Terapon - Terapon->
    
    Jarbua terapon (Terapon jarbua)
    
    Small-scaled terapon (Terapon puta)
    
    Largescaled terapon (Terapon theraps)
    
    Variichthys - Variichthys->
    
    Girellidae - Nibblers->
    
    Dichistiidae - Galjoen fishes->
    
    Chironemidae - Kelpfishes->
    
    Latridae - Trumpeters->
    
    Scorpididae - Scorpididae->
    
    Microcanthidae - Stripeys->
    
    Kyphosidae - Sea chubs->
    
    Cirrhitoidea - Hawkfishes->
    
    Aplodactylidae - Marblefishes->
    
    Cheilodactylidae - Morwongs->
    
    Cirrhitidae - Hawkfishes->
    
    Elassomatidae - Pygmy sunfishes->
    
    Enoplosidae - Oldwife->
    
    Kuhliidae - Aholeholes->
    
    Oplegnathidae - Knifejaws->
    
    Parascorpididae - Jutjaws->
    
    Perciliidae - Southern basses->
  - Cichliformes - Cichlids->
  - Characiformes - Characins->
  - Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
  - Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
  - Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
  - Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
  - Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
  - Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
  - Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
  - Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
  - Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
  - Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
  - Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
  - Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
  - Zeiformes - Dories->
  - Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
  - Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
  - Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
  - Lampriformes - Lamprids->
  - Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
  - Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
  - Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
  - Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
  - Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
  - Atheriniformes - Silversides->
  - Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
  - Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
  - Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
  - Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
  - Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
  - Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
  - Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
  - Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
  - Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
  - Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
  - Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
  - Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
  - Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
  - Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
  - Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
  - Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
  - Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
- Cladistii - Bichirs->
- Dipnoi - Lungfishes->
- Chondrostei - Sturgeons and Paddlefishes->
- Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
Agnatha - Jawless fishes->

Largescaled terapon (Terapon theraps)

General data

Classification

Description

Taxonomy of Fishes

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