Black-spotted whipray  (Maculabatis astra)

Taxonomy of Fishes

• Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
• Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->

  • Elasmobranchii - Sharks and Rays->

    • Lamniformes - Mackerel sharks->
    • Carcharhiniformes - Ground sharks->
    • Rhinopristiformes - Shovelnose rays->
    • Torpediniformes - Electric rays->
    • Rajiformes - Skates and rays->
    • Orectolobiformes - Carpet shark->
    • Squatiniformes - Angelsharks->
    • Heterodontiformes - Bullhead and horn sharks->
    • Hexanchiformes - Six-gill sharks->
    • Myliobatiformes - Stingrays->

      • Dasyatidae - Stingrays->

        • Hypanus - Hypanus->
        • Neotrygon - Maskrays->
        • Taeniura - Taeniura->
        • Urogymnus - Urogymnus->
        • Dasyatis - Dasyatis->
        • Pastinachus - Cowtail stingrays->
        • Bathytoshia - Bathytoshia->
        • Fontitrygon - Fontitrygon->
        • Taeniurops - Taeniurops->
        • Brevitrygon - Brevitrygon->
        • Hemitrygon - Hemitrygon->
        • Fluvitrygon - Fluvitrygon->
        • Himantura - Himantura->
        • Maculabatis - Maculabatis->

          • Baraka"s whipray (Maculabatis ambigua)
          • Arabic whipray (Maculabatis arabica)
          • Black-spotted whipray (Maculabatis astra)
          • Short-tail whipray (Maculabatis bineeshi)
          • Sharpnose stingray (Maculabatis gerrardi)
          • Maculabatis macrura (Maculabatis macrura)
          • Round whip ray (Maculabatis pastinacoides)
          • Arabian banded whipray (Maculabatis randalli)
          • Black-spotted whipray (Maculabatis toshi)
        • Makararaja - Makararaja->
        • Megatrygon - Megatrygon->
        • Pateobatis - Pateobatis->
        • Pteroplatytrygon - Pteroplatytrygon->
        • Telatrygon - Telatrygon->
      • Mobulidae - Manta rays->
      • Potamotrygonidae - Southamerican freshwater stingrays->
      • Gymnuridae - Butterfly rays->
      • Myliobatidae - Eagle ray->
      • Urotrygonidae - American round stingrays->
      • Aetobatidae - Pacific eagle rays->
      • Hexatrygonidae - Sixgill stingrays->
      • Plesiobatidae - Deepwater stingrays->
      • Rhinopteridae - Cownose rays->
      • Urolophidae - Round rays->
      • Zanobatidae - Panrays->
    • Squaliformes - Sleeper and dogfish sharks->
    • Echinorhiniformes - Bramble sharks->
    • Pristiophoriformes - Saw sharks->
  • Holocephali - Chimaeras->
• Agnatha - Jawless fishes->