Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)

General data

Main name: Freshwater drum
Habitat: Freshwater
Native: North America
Distribution: Mississippi River, Missouri River, St. Lawrence River, Hudson River, Colorado (Texas), Brazos, View all... Trinity (Texas), Delaware River, Savannah river, Atchafalaya, Neches River, Sabine River

Classification

Description

The freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, is a fish endemic to North and Central America. It is the only species in the genus Aplodinotus, and is a member of the family Sciaenidae. It is the only North American member of the group that inhabits freshwater for its entire life. Its generic name, Aplodinotus, comes from Greek meaning single back, and the specific epithet, grunniens, comes from a Latin word meaning grunting. It is given to it because of the grunting noise that mature males make. This noise comes from a special set of muscles within the body cavity that vibrate against the swim bladder. The purpose of the grunting is unknown, but due to it being present in only mature males and during the spawning season, it is assumed to be linked to spawning. The drum typically weighs 5–15 lb (2.3–6.8 kg). The world record was caught on Nickajack Lake in Tennessee, and weighed in at 54 lb 8 oz (24.7 kg). The freshwater drum is gray or silvery in turbid waters and more bronze or brown colored in clearer waters. It is a deep bodied fish with a divided dorsal fin consisting of 10 spines and 29–32 rays. The freshwater drum is also called Russell fish, shepherds pie, gray bass, Gasper goo, Gaspergou, gou, grunt, grunter, grinder, gooble gobble, and croaker. It is commonly known as sheephead and sunfish in parts of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Geographic distribution Freshwater drum are the only North American member of their family to exclusively inhabit freshwater (freshwater family members in genera Pachypops, Pachyurus, Petilipinnis and Plagioscion are from South America, while Boesemania is Asian). Their great distribution range goes as far north as the Hudson Bay, and reaches as far south as Guatemala. Their longitudinal distribution goes as far east as the eastern Appalachians and stretches as far west into Texas, Kansas, and Oklahoma. Freshwater drum are considered to be one of the most wide-ranging species in North America. St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay and Mississippi River basins from Quebec to northern Manitoba and southern Saskatchewan in Canada and south to the Gulf; Gulf Coast drainages from Mobile Bay in Georgia and Alabama through east Mexico to Rio Usumacinta system in Guatemala.

Catches

Taxonomy of Fishes

Osteichthyes - Bony fishes->
- Coelacanthi - Lobe-finned fishes->
- Teleostei - Ray-finned fishes->
  - Perciformes - Perches->
  - Cypriniformes - Carps->
  - Esociformes - Pikes->
  - Salmoniformes - Salmons and Trouts->
  - Siluriformes - Catfishes->
  - Scorpaeniformes - Mail-cheeked fishes->
  - Gasterosteiformes - Sticklebacks->
  - Gadiformes - Cods->
  - Anguilliformes - Eels and morays->
  - Clupeiformes - Herrings->
  - Syngnathiformes - Pipefishes and Seahorses->
  - Gobiiformes - Gobies->
  - Mugiliformes - Mullets->
  - Carangiformes - Jacks->
  - Beloniformes - Needlefishes->
  - Labriformes - Wrasses->
  - Scombriformes - Mackerels->
  - Mulliformes - Goatfishes->
  - Pleuronectiformes - Flatfishes->
  - Aulopiformes - Grinners->
  - Blenniiformes - Blennies->
  - Cyprinodontiformes - Toothcarps->
  - Osmeriformes - Smelts->
  - Centrarchiformes - Basses and sunfishes->
  - Cichliformes - Cichlids->
  - Characiformes - Characins->
  - Osteoglossiformes - Bony tongues->
  - Elopiformes - Tarpons and tenpounders->
  - Anabantiformes - Gouramies and snakeheads->
  - Gymnotiformes - South American knifefish->
  - Istiophoriformes - Barracudas->
  - Albuliformes - Bonefishes->
  - Lepidogalaxiiformes - Salamanderfishes->
  - Lophiiformes - Anglerfishes->
  - Spariformes - Breams and porgies->
  - Trachiniformes - Weeverfishes->
  - Moroniformes - Temperate basses->
  - Acanthuriformes - Surgeonfishes->
    
    Acanthuridae - Surgeonfishes->
    
    Sciaenidae - Drums->
    
    Nibea - Nibea->
    
    Cynoscion - Weakfishes->
    
    Aplodinotus - Freshwater drums->
    
    Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens)
    
    Pogonias - Pogonias->
    
    Sciaenops - Sciaenops->
    
    Micropogonias - Micropogonias->
    
    Menticirrhus - Kingcroakers->
    
    Umbrina - Umbrina->
    
    Argyrosomus - Meagre->
    
    Leiostomus - Leiostomus->
    
    Larimus - Larimus->
    
    Sciaena - Sciaena->
    
    Pseudotolithus - Pseudotolithus->
    
    Genyonemus - Genyonemus->
    
    Pennahia - Pennahia->
    
    Pareques - Pareques->
    
    Aspericorvina - Aspericorvina->
    
    Atractoscion - Atractoscion->
    
    Atrobucca - Atrobucca->
    
    Austronibea - Austronibea->
    
    Bahaba - Bahaba->
    
    Bairdiella - Bairdiella->
    
    Boesemania - Boesemania->
    
    Cheilotrema - Cheilotrema->
    
    Chrysochir - Chrysochir->
    
    Cilus - Cilus->
    
    Collichthys - Collichthys->
    
    Corvula - Corvula->
    
    Ctenosciaena - Ctenosciaena->
    
    Daysciaena - Daysciaena->
    
    Dendrophysa - Dendrophysa->
    
    Elattarchus - Elattarchus->
    
    Eques - Eques->
    
    Equetus - Equetus->
    
    Kathala - Kathala->
    
    Isopisthus - Isopisthus->
    
    Johnius - Johnius->
    
    Larimichthys - Larimichthys->
    
    Lonchurus - Lonchurus->
    
    Macrodon - Macrodon->
    
    Macrospinosa - Macrospinosa->
    
    Megalonibea - Megalonibea->
    
    Miichthys - Miichthys->
    
    Miracorvina - Miracorvina->
    
    Otolithes - Otolithes->
    
    Otolithoides - Otolithoides->
    
    Nebris - Nebris->
    
    Odontoscion - Odontoscion->
    
    Ophioscion - Ophioscion->
    
    Pachypops - Pachypops->
    
    Pachyurus - Pachyurus->
    
    Panna - Panna->
    
    Paralonchurus - Paralonchurus->
    
    Paranebris - Paranebris->
    
    Paranibea - Paranibea->
    
    Pentheroscion - Pentheroscion->
    
    Petilipinnis - Petilipinnis->
    
    Plagioscion - Plagioscion->
    
    Protonibea - Protonibea->
    
    Protosciaena - Protosciaena->
    
    Pseudolarimichthys - Pseudolarimichthys->
    
    Pteroscion - Pteroscion->
    
    Pterotolithus - Pterotolithus->
    
    Robaloscion - Robaloscion->
    
    Roncador - Roncador->
    
    Seriphus - Seriphus->
    
    Sonorolux - Sonorolux->
    
    Stellifer - Stellifer->
    
    Totoaba - Totoaba->
    
    Pomacanthidae - Marine angelfish->
    
    Ephippidae - Spadefishes->
    
    Chaetodontidae - Butterflyfishes->
    
    Siganidae - Rabbitfishes->
    
    Scatophagidae - Scats->
    
    Drepaneidae - Sicklefishes->
    
    Antigoniidae - Deepbody boarfishes->
    
    Caproidae - Boarfishes->
    
    Emmelichthyidae - Rovers->
    
    Leiognathidae - Slimys, slipmouths, or ponyfishes->
    
    Luvaridae - Louvar->
    
    Zanclidae - Moorish idol->
  - Zeiformes - Dories->
  - Tetraodontiformes - Puffers and filefishes->
  - Holocentriformes - Squirrelfishes->
  - Dactylopteriformes - Flying gurnards->
  - Lampriformes - Lamprids->
  - Galaxiiformes - Southern smelts->
  - Batrachoidiformes - Toadfishes->
  - Hiodontiformes - Mooneyes->
  - Percopsiformes - Trout-perches->
  - Callionymiformes - Dragonets->
  - Atheriniformes - Silversides->
  - Notacanthiformes - Spiny eels->
  - Saccopharyngiformes - Swallowers and Gulpers->
  - Alepocephaliformes - Slickheads and tubeshoulders->
  - Gonorynchiformes - Milkfishes->
  - Argentiniformes - Marine smelts->
  - Stomiiformes - Lightfishes and dragonfishes->
  - Ateleopodiformes - Jellynose fishes->
  - Myctophiformes - Lanternfishes->
  - Stylephoriformes - Tube-eyes->
  - Polymixiiformes - Beardfishes->
  - Beryciformes - Sawbellies->
  - Trachichthyiformes - Rughies->
  - Ophidiiformes - Cusk-eels->
  - Kurtiformes - Nurseryfishes & Cardinalfishes->
  - Synbranchiformes - Swamp eels->
  - Gobiesociformes - Clingfishes->
  - Acropomatiformes - Oceanic basses->
- Cladistii - Bichirs->
- Dipneusti - Lungfishes->
- Chondrostei - Sturgeons->
- Holostei - Gars and Bowfins->
Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes->
Agnatha - Jawless fishes->